Thursday 16 April 2015

Simple Productivity Measures in the Hospital

Having written about low productivity in my previous post (Symptoms and Signs of Employees who Need Training), I thought I should write a bit about basic productivity measurements in the hospital.

Productivity is simply the ratio between the units of output produced and the units of input consumed in the process of production.

As a hospital entrepreneur, it is very important that you have a good understanding of productivity. You should also know how to determine who or what is productive and who or what isn't productive. This knowledge will enable you assess your present productivity level. You will be able to determine where you are on the productivity scale.

Knowing where you are will give you a clearer picture of where you want to be. It is only then that you can decide what to do to improve the productivity of your hospital. Determining productivity is not a difficult task but you must keep good records– accounting/financial, clinical records etc. - in your facility. In addition to having good records, knowledge of primary arithmetic is essential.

 In the healthcare industry, the units of output produced could be expressed in several ways. Firstly, output could be the number of patients seen per month, the number of successful surgeries performed in the OR per week or the number of babies delivered yearly in the maternity department.

Secondly, the output of the hospital process could be seen in financial terms i.e. the amount of profit made annually or Return on Invested Capital (ROIC). In this case, your output is defined by how much money the system produced over a given period of time.

Thirdly, the output could also be defined in terms of “value-added time”. The value-added time is the amount of time that your workers are actually adding value to your hospital process. Good managers should always know how much time their workers spend on productive activities while they are at work.


The inputs in any process are the resources that go into production e.g. manpower, materials, capital etc. Again, we can simplify the idea of input by looking at the financial input and the time input.

The financial input include the money spent to procure the units of production (land, labor). This is the capital you invested into establishing and maintaining your hospital. The money invested in procuring land, buildings, beds, equipment and other vital infrastructure is known as fixed capital. On the other hand, what you spend in the day to day running of the hospital is your working capital.

The time input in productivity is seen as the total time that your employees are expected to work for you. The ratio of time output and input is known as productivity.

In mathematical terms therefore:

Productivity= value added time /total time spent x 100
We will put it all in perspective by solving a simple problem.

Yunusa is a pharmacist working in your hospital. He is expected to work for 8 hours every day for 230 days in a year. But from observation, he actually spends a total of 3 hours daily in adding value to your hospital. He spends the other part of his time chatting on Facebook and visiting colleagues in their offices .What is his level of productivity?


To calculate Yunusa’s level of productivity, first determine his output which is his total value added time over a year.

Then determine his input which will be the total time he is expected to work every year.

Output= Value added time= 3 x 230 =690 hours
Input= Total time             = 8 x 230 =1840 hours
Labor productivity= 690/1840 x 100= 37.5%

Hence, the productivity of your pharmacist is just 37.5%. In contrast, he earns 100% of his pay. You therefore lose 62.5% on the chap!

I will give you another example.

Dr. Obande invested N15 million in acquiring lands, infrastructure and equipment for his new hospital. At the end of the first year, he returned a profit of N700,000.  Calculate the productivity of Dr. Obande’s new hospital in financial terms.

The productivity in financial terms is stated as the Return On Invested Capital (ROIC).   ROIC is determined thus:

ROIC= Annual Profit/Invested Capital x 100

In this case,
Annual profit=N700,000
Invested Capital=N15, 000, 000
ROIC= 700,000/15,000,000 = 0.467 or 4.67%

The productivity of Dr. Obande’s investment is 4.67% for the first year. Having this knowledge, in the following year, he can strive to improve on this level.

These are simple productivity measurements. What is important is that you are able to determine how productive your employees and facilities are. The next thing is to determine why they are not productive. Finally, you have to decide what to do to improve productivity. That way, you end up getting value for your money.


See you soon….

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